Railway car heating installation



Jan. 25, 1955 J. E. CANDLlN, JR., ETAL RAILWAY CAR HEATING INSTALLATIONFiled June 9. 1949 6 Sheets-Sheet l Jall- 25, 1955 Jl E. CAND'LIN, JR.,l-:TALy 2,700,507

' RAILWAY CAR HEATING INSTALLATION Filed June 9. 1949 e sheets-sheet 2Jan. 25, 1955 J. E. CANDLIN, JR.', EVAL RAILWAY CAR HEATING INSTALLATION6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed June 9. 1949 ET AL k2,700,507

6 Sheets-Sheet 4 ff ,w fw

Jan. 25, 1955 J. E. cANDLlN, JR.,

RAILWAY CAR HEATING INSTALLATION Filed June 9. 1949 Jan.25,1955 J. E.ANDL|N,JR., Em 2,700,507

RAILWAY CAR HEATING INSTALLATION Filed June 9, 1949 6 Sheets-*Sheet 5/111/4 .mmm

Jan- 25, 1955 J. E. cANDLlN, JR., ETAT. 2,700,507

RAILWAY CAR HEATING INSTALLATION Filed June 9. 1949 e sheets-sheets MTA@ 4 J/argcd/ry. A .7, ae lgwer, of Jari/M, gjeraord Unifed StatesPatenti() F RAILWAY CAR HEATING INSTALLATION James E. Candlin, Jr.,Harold L. Norby, Robert G.

Aylmer, and Hartin lF. Peterson, Chicago, Ill., assignors toPullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Company, Chicago, Ill., a corporationof Delaware Application June 9, 1949, Serial No. 98,116

23 Claims. (Cl. 237 40) The invention relates generally to heatingsystem installations in railway cars. It contemplates speciically, theplacement of the car heating radiators at the body walls above the floorsurface level of the car and the supply and return steam pipe elementsin a trench formed in theoor space between the normal door surface leveland the subfloor portion of the underframe. The invention furthercontemplates the provision of means associated with the heatingradiators and the steam supply and return pipes to permit preassembly ofthe several parts and lthe application of such assembly to the car as aunit.

An important object of the invention is to transfer the steam supply andreturn pipes heretofore positioned beneath the suboor of the underframeto a position within the trench thereabove for protection from exposureto the atmosphere.

Another object is so to reduce the depth of the radiator and controlvalve housing above the oor line as to minimize encroachment thereofupon the passenger space, herein effected by the removal of the hot andcold water pipes, heretofore disposed within such housing at theradiator position, to floor trenches arranged along the body walls.

A further and important object is to dispense with or reduce the amountof tubing, insulating material, regulators, valves, and the like,heretofore incident to the placement of heating equipment partsunderneath the car, and preassembling the car heating elements of thesystem and car parts associated with the underframing and body walls ofthe car structure to provide a heating installation adapted forapplication to the car as a unit.

The foregoing and other advantages are obtained by the mechanismillustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in thespecication. In said drawings- Figs. 1, 2 and 3, are complemental views,in plan, oi one end, intermediate section, and opposite end portion,respectively, of a sleeping car, showing an installation 'of oneembodiment of the invention, with the side wall mounted section of theheating installation' diagrammatically exploded to the outside of thebody walls for clariication of the showing; v

Fig. 4 is a vertical cross section through the trench at a bedroom sideWall position, taken on line 4 4, of Fig. 2, showing the radiator,control valve and risers for the steam crossover and supply and returnpipe assembly secured to supporting brackets welded to the metal trussplank removably fastened to car framing post and side sill ilanges formounting the whole assembly as a unit;

Fig. 5 is a plan view of a cover plate for the trench openings formedwith slots to facilitate assembly with the risers' connecting thecontrol valves and steam crossover pipes and iitted with cover hold-downclips;

Fig. 6 is a vertical cross section through the trench along the bodywall at the passageway side of the car showing the hot and cold waterpipes supported from adjacent side sill member of the car framing andthe heat protection pipe for the water lines supported from adjacentstringer member of the underframe, the view being taken on line 6 6, ofFig. 2, depicting bracket means for securing the pipes in spacedrelationship above the iloor of the trench to allow for pitching of thepipes for drainage;

Fig. 7 is a View similar to Fig. 6, taken on line 7 7,

of Fig 3, showing hot and cold water pipe' crossover exand hopperinstallations in the bedrooms, and showing also the steam supply andreturn pipes, loom covered at points of support but further protected byan insulating blanket covering also the adjacent hot water pipe toprevent transmission of heat to the cold water pipe;

Fig. 8 is a vertical cross section taken on the line 8 8 of Fig. 1through the trench at the bolster position, showing the cold and hotwater pipes and the steam supply and return pipes raised to clear thebolster, and illustrating the method of interposing the steam crossoverpipe section between said pipes and the trench cover plate forconnecting the steam supply and return pipes to the risers ldreadiig tothe radiator control valves as depicted in Fig.

Figs. 9 and 10, show, respectlvely, a plan View andv vertical sectionalview of the steam crossover ttings designed yieldably to connect bothsupply and return lines in the trench to respectively adjacent radiatorcontrol valves.

Heretofore in the application of heating installations to railway cars,the steam supply and return pipes of the heating system were positionedbeneath the floor or underframe construction of the cars with risersextending therefrom through the floor structure to the individualheating pipe coils in the car. The steam trainline was tapped at amultiplicity of points from which steam was conducted to vaporregulators, and from these regulators, steam at atmospheric pressuresupplied to the pipe coils inside the car, the condensate anduncondensed steam being returned to the regulators. It is proposedherein to install the heating system, including the steam supply andreturn pipes,.

within a railway car in preassembled units, the supply and return pipesof which may be connected with`regulators beneath the car according tozones in the car to be heated, with the regulators connected to the highpressure steam trainlinel and communicating with the at-l mosphere toregulate the pressure of the steam in the system and control thedischarge of the condensate. The

proposed installation includes specially constructed por-l is recessedto form a trench, with insulation disposed in the space between thesubfloor plate and the upper plate between the trenches. These trenchesaccommodate the steam supply and return pipes and hot and cold waterpipes, and are closed by cover plates at the normal oor level, havingopen slots to receive risers from the pipes in the trench and which areremovable for access thereto, all as hereinafter to be described.

In the drawings, 10 represents a railway car, herein depicted as asleeping car having bedrooms 11 Aextending across the car intermediatethe car ends from the car side wall 12 to the partition 13 at sidepassageway 14, and a plurality of roomettes 15 upon opposite sides ofsaid bed-- rooms 11 and upon opposite sides of central longitudinalpassageways 16 1n the opposite end portions of the car which arelconnected with the intermediate side passageway 14 by` short transversepassageways 17 at opposite plied with cold and `hot water from supplypipes 20 and 21 running along both sides of the car and connected,

respectively, by crossover pipes 22 and 23 and communicating with theusual air pressure water system provided on railway cars to supply waterunder proper pressures throughout the system as required for thepurpose. The bedrooms are also each provided with a` toilet annexincluding atoilet 24 suppliedl with ushing Water from :the cold watersupply pipes 20, as are the toilets 25 provided Patented Jan. 25, 1955in each of the roomettes 15. The roomettes are also provided withwashbasins 26, supplied with water from the hot and cold water supplypipes 21 and 20 through suitable piping provided for this purpose. InFig. 7, a typical application of hot and cold water pipes 47 and 48 isillustrated, extending upwardly from the respective pipes 21 and 20 inthe trench through a slot 46 in the trench cover 40, more specificallyhereinafter described, and extended laterally for connection with thewashroom facilities. An escutcheon plate 45, secured by screws 49,covers the slot opening 46 around the pipes passing upwardly through thecover.

The structure of the car includes the body side wall element 12 and theopposite body side wall 27, together with underframing 28 includingbolster members 29, a plurality of crossbearers 30 and longitudinalstringers 31 disposed above, supported on and operatively connected toall of these cross members of the underframe. Connecting side sills 32,having upstanding ilange portions 33, extend continuously full length ofthe underframe at opposite body side walls 12 and 27 and connect all ofthe crossbearers and the bolsters in the underframe assembly. The bodywalls 12 and 27 are provided with vertical framing posts 34 secured tothe side sill members and extending upwardly from the upstanding flangeportions thereof in the side wall framing assembly. The framingconstruction described represents the structure of railway passengercars substantially as heretofore built. However, a floor construction isprovided for use in association with the underframing and side wallelements differing materially from structures heretofore provided, anddesigned for association with and the accommodation of portions of theheating installation. A floor 35 is provided wherein portions of theooring adjacent the opposite side walls are recessed to form a trench 36disposed in the oor along each wall.

The floor structure includes a subfloor plate portion 37 and an upperplate 38 at normal oor level. The suboor plate extends substantiallycontinuously between the side sill upstanding flanges 33, to which it issecured through the medium of angle members 39, and between the bolsters29, and upon opposite sides of the bolsters to the respective car ends,and is supported upon the various crossbearers 30 of the underframe, towhich it is also secured. The longitudinal stringers 31 are disposed ontop of the subfloor plate, extending substantially full length of theunderframe and secured to the various crossbearers and bolsters, and theupper plate 38 is supported upon and secured to the stringers. The upperplate 38 extends substantially the full length of the underframe, buttransversely of the underframe the plate 38 extends across the carbetween the longitudinal stringer members next adjacent the respectiveside sill upstanding ilanges 33, i. e., the plate 38 is secured to theStringer 31 next adjacent the side sill at one side of the car andextends substantially continuously across the car to the Stringer 31next adjacent the side sill at the other side of the car where it issecured so that the plate stops short of the side walls of the carwhereby an upwardly open recess or trench is provided in the flooradjacent each of the side wall elements 12 and 27, with the depth andwidth of the trench dei-ined, respectively, by the subfloor plate andbody framing elements, consisting of the side sill upstanding tlanges 33and the next adjacent stringer members 31 which present oor and sidewall surfaces, respectively, of the trench. The space between thesubfloor plate 37 and the upper plate 38 is completely iilled withinsulation 41 between the stringers 31.

The open side of each trench is adapted to be closed by removable accessdoors disposed in the oor line in the form of cover plates 40, which maybe of varying lengths to cover the trench in sections and therebyprovide for access to the heating installation in the trench at anypoint along the line without the necessity for removing the full lengthof the cover. The cover plates are provided with open slots 46 in theirside edges adjacent the respective side walls for the passage of risersfrom the trench installation, as more fully hereinafter to be described.Theusual oor 42 of the car is laid upon the upper plate 38, and it willbe noted that the cover plates 40 are disposed at normal fioor level, sothat the car oor is provided with a ush surface from wall to wall. Theoor 42 atthe stringers 31 stops short of the edge of the stringersbordering the respective trenches to form a ledge 43 at this side ofeach trench for the support of the cover plates thereon-the plate beingremovably secured at this point by means of screws 44. At

the side of each of the trenches 36 adjacent the respective' side wallelements 12 and 27, a ledge is formed for the support of the coverplates by a removable portion of the heating installation assembly, ashereinafter described. As shown in Figs. 4, 6 and 7, the cover plate maybe of plywood, but as shown in Fig. 8, representative of conditions atthe bolster positions, the cover may comprise a plate 40a to providegreater clearance in the trench above the bolsters 29 for the pipes andcrossovers. The plate 40a is provided on the underside, at oppositeedges, with bearing pads 401) adapted to engage the supporting ledges atopposite sides of the trench to maintain the upper surface of the coverplate in a plane flush with the surface of the oor 35 and is secured inthe same manner as cover plate 40, by screws 44.

The cold and hot water supply pipes 20 and 21 are disposed in the trench36 and are supported from one side wall of the trench, while steamsupply and return pipes of the heating system are supported from theother side wall, as more fully hereinafter to be described. The waterpipes 20 and 21 are mounted on a plurality of welded pipe-supportingsaddle brackets 51 secured to a trench side wall (which as showncomprises the side sill upstanding ange 33) in each trench by welding atvarying heights from the trench floor to pitch the pipes for properdrainage. Clamp members 52, removably secured by bolts 53, maintain thepositions of the pipes in the supporting brackets, and loom coverings 54protect the pipes.

The heating system provided in association with the trench structure andside wall elements is designed for application as a unitary heatinginstallation, adapted to be preassembled on a supporting plate or trussplank which may be removably secured to a side wall element andincluding what might be termed a rst section, cornprising heating coilsor radiator units and associated control valve members secured to theplate above the normal floor line, and a second section providing asupply and return steam pipe assembly adapted removably to be supportedin the trench, with crossover pipe means operatively connecting thetrench pipe and supporting plate assemblies, and all of the assembliesadapted for installation in the car as a unit. The unitary installationof the heating system in a car may be made according to the particularfloor plan involved, and the complete preassembled units may be made upin lengths suited to the conditions of a particular car and installed incomplete sections, which may extend substantially full length of the caror only for a portion of such length, as required by the conditionsinvolved.

The supply and return steam pipe assembly, comprising supply and returnpipes 6i) and 61, is removably supported in the trench 36 at each sideof the car, and like the water pipes 20 and 21 supported from theopposite side wall of each trench. The steam pipes 60 and 61 are mountedon pipe-supporting brackets 62 welded to the side wall of the trenchformed by longitudinal Stringer 31. The brackets 62 are secured to thetrench side wall at varying heights from the trench floor throughout thelength of the pipes to pitch the pipes for proper drainage, inaccordance with good practice. The pipes are protected by loom coverings63 and are removably secured to the supporting brackets by saddle typeclamp members 64 fastened with screws 65. The steam supply and returnpipes communicate directly with vapor regulators provided beneath thecar to supply steam at atmospheric pressure to the heating systern, andthese regulators are supplied with live steam from the usual highpressure steam trainline provided beneath the car and extending fulllength of a train to communicate with a source of steam at the head end,with the pressure regulators tapped into the line at intervals alongeach car. Feed and return lines 66 and 67 extend through the oor 37 ofthe trench (see Fig. 4) for connection with a vapor regulator, which maybe disposed for association with a particular section of piping on oneside of the car, or for regulating one whole side, or connected withpiping upon opposite sides of the car to regulate the pressure of thesteam supplied to the system at atmospheric and discharge accumulatedcondensate. As shown in Fig. l, a vapor regulator 68 is connected withthe feed and return pipes 66 and 67 from the supply and return pipes 60and 61 at opposite sides of the car, but in Fig. 3, the feed and returnpipes 66 and 67 are shown extending beneath the car at each side forconnection with regulators individual to the respective sides. v

The heating units for the car, in the form of radiators or heating coils'70, with their associated control valve members 71, are mounteddirectly upon a supporting plate in the form of a truss plank 72,removably secured 1 to the car side wall elements 12 vand 27 by means ofscrews '73.

The control valves 71 are solenoid operated, and may be set foractuation manually or automatic under control of a thermostat by meansof a regulating device provided in each bedroom and roomette, comprisinga switch connected through suitable wiring with the thermostat andsolenoid relay to set the operation either for manual or automatic.Mounting brackets 74, tack welded to the truss plank as indicated inFig. 4, provide means to which the units 70 may be removably secured bysuitable clamping devices attached by bolts. The truss plank 72 at eachside of the car is provided with a portion extending downwardly inoverlapping relationship with the upstanding side sill ange 33, andhaving a lower marginal flange 75 resting upon an angle member 76secured to the side sill membento x the position of the truss plank onthe respective side wall elements. The ilange 75 is projected inwardly,with a downwardly offset ledge flange portion 77 entered .in the trench36 and forming a ledge to support the adjacent edge of the cover platesections 40 or 40a. The cover plates are provided with clip members 78on their underside, engageable under the ledge flange 77- to secure-this side of the respective cover plates against displacement. Theclips 78 as applied to the cover plate 40a are downwardly offset as at79 in order to engage beneath the ledge 77. In the application of thecover plates to close the trench after installation of the heatingsystem, the side of each cover resting on the ledge 77 is first slidinto position, with the clips 78 engaged beneath the ledge, and the sideengageable with the ledge 43 at the opposite side of the trench then maybe dropped into position and secured by the screws 44.

The entire heating system installation is adapted to `be preassembledcomplete on the truss plank 72 and carried into the car as a unit forapplication to the side wall elements, with the supply and return steampipe assembly carried thereby entering the adjacent trench 36. The steamsupply and return pipes 60 and 61 in the trench are connected with theheating units on the side wall by communicating pipe assembly sectionsdepending from the valves '71 adapted to be supported in the floorrecess 36. Supporting risers 80 and 81, threaded into the valve 71 andconnected with crossover steam pipe sections 83 through elbows 84,provide pipe means operatively connecting the supporting plate heatingunit assembly with the trench pipe sections or assembly, adapting suchassemblies for installation on the car as a unit. The risers extendupwardly from the trench through the cover plate 40, passing through theopen end slots 46 provided therein for the purpose. The openings aroundthe risers formed by these slots are covered by an escutcheon plate 87,assembled with the heating installation and secured by screws 88 to thecover plate after the complete application of the system to a car.Risers 30 and 81 communicate through the associated crossovers S3 wtihthe steam supply and return pipes 60 and 61 respectively. The crossoverpipe sections 83 are each threaded into a coupling 85 mounted in therespective steam supply and return lines, with the connectiontherebetween disposed in each instance in the area between the pipes 60and 61, as best illustrated in v Fig. 9. The crossover pipe means 83include a union coupling 86 whereby, after the complete application ofthe installation in a car, either of the section assemblies may beremoved for maintenance without disturbing the remaining section. Bydisconnecting the unions 86, the steam supply and return pipe sectionmay be removed from the trench without atecting the portion of thesystem mounted on the side wall, or similarly, the side Wall heatingunits and associated control valve members might be removed withoutnecessarily removing the trench piping. As shown in Fig. 7, the steamsupply and return pipes 60 and 61, together with the hot water pipe 21,may be wrapped in a blanket layer of insulation 89 to protect the coldwater lpipe 20 against a rise in temperature from the excessive heatotherwise created thereby in the trench. f

At the intermediate portion of the car in the passageway 14 extending atthe side of bedrooms 11, the trench 36 does not contain steam supply andreturn pipes, since the passageway is heated by a single continuousheating pipe coil, including the plurality of radiators`70, which issupplied with steam from the control valve 71 located substantially atthe position of the transverse passageway 17, appearingin Fig. l, andfrom which the heating unit extends to the position of the transversepassageway 17 appearing in Fig. 3. Water pipes 20 and 21 extend throughthis length of the trench, and in order to guard against freezing ofthese pipes in cold temperatures, a heat protection line is provided inthis portion of the trench to protect the water pipes from possibledamage due to this cause. The water protection steam pipe 9,0 isoperatively connected in the heating installation to obtain steamsupplied at atmospheric pressure and is supported from one trench sidewall, while the hot and cold Water pipes are supported from the other,as best shown in Fig. 6. In this figure, it will be seen that the steamline 90 is supported upon the brackets 62 Welded to the side wall 31 ofthe trench and disposed properly to pitch the pipe for drainage. Asaddle type clamp member 64a, removably attached by screw 65, securesthe steam pipe in position on each of the brackets.

It will be seen that the passageway 14 is providedwith,

a heating unit individual thereto, and that each of the bedrooms 11 androomettes 15 also is provided with individual heating coils, as is theporters section space appearing at the left hand end of Fig. l in thelower portion and the general toilet space for the car appearing in theupper portion of this same end of the car.

From the foregoing it will be seen that there has been provided a trenchtype heating installation for a railway car adapted for application inits entirety from within the car as a complete unit, preassembled on thebench and carried into the car to` be applied, with car heating portionsof the system supported from a car side wall element and steam supplyportions disposed in an adjacent oor trench together with water systemsupply pipes, and arranged for disassembly or removal either as a unitor in sections comprising the side wall and trench portionsrespectively.

What is claimed is:

l. In a railwayvcar construction having side wall elements andconnecting side sill members, an underframe including cross membersconnecting said sill members, a floor comprising a subfloor plateportion supported on said cross members and extending substantiallybetween said sills and an upper plate at the normal iloor level of thecar with insulation disposed between said plates, said upper plate beingspaced from one of said side wall elements and a portion of saidilooring adjacent said side wall and above the subplate being recessedto form a trench, and an imperforate cover plate at the normal floorlevel of the car providing access to said trench.

2. In a railway car having body walls and a loor, a trench formed in theoor at one of said walls,A a heating installation comprising alongitudinally extending supporting plate removably secured to saidwall, heating coils and associated control valve members secured to saidplate above the normal oor line'of the car, a supply and return steampipe assembly removably supported in said trench, and pipe meansoperatively connecting said trench pipe and heating coils, saidassemblies being adapted fr installation on the car as a unit.

3. In a railway car having body walls and a floor, a trench formed inthe oor at one of said walls, a unitary heating installation comprisinga longitudinally extending truss plank removably secured to said wall,radiator units and associated control valves supported on said plankabove the normal lloor line of the car, and a second section providingsupply and return steam pipe elements removably supported in said trenchand operatively connected with said radiator units.

4. In a railway car having body walls and a floor, a trench formed inthe floor at one of said walls, a heating installation comprising afirst assembly including a longitudinally extending truss plankremovably secured to said wall and heating units and associated controlvalves carried by said plank above the normal oor line of the car, and asecond section providing supply and return steam pipe elements removablysupported in said trench and operatively connected with said heatingunits.

5. For installation in a railway car having body walls and a floorformed with a recess disposed along one of said walls, a heating unitcomprising a longitudinally extending supporting truss plank portionincluding radiators and associated control valves carried by said plankabove the normal floor line of the car, and a communicating heating pipeassembly section depending from said valves and adapted to be supportedwithin said recess.

6. In a railway car construction having an underframe, body wallsincluding connecting side sill members having upstanding ilange portionsand side posts secured to and extending upwardly from said anges, afloor extending between said sills formed with recesses adjacent saidwalls, longitudinally extending truss planks removably secured to saidposts having portions extended downwardly in overlapping relationshipwith said sill anges, lower marginal anges on said truss plank projectedinwardly with downwardly oiTset ledge ange portions entered in saidrecesses, and imperforate access doors in the Hoor line of the carsupported on said ledges and covering said recesses.

7. In a vehicle having body walls and a oor, a trench formed in thefloor at one of said walls, a heating installation comprising alongitudinally extending truss plank assembly removably secured to saidwall including heating coils and associated control valve memberscarried by said plank above the normal oor line of the vehicle, andsupply and return pipes removably supported in said trench and havingconnection with said valve members within said trench.

8. For installation in an enclosed structure having body walls and a oorformed with a recess disposed along one of said walls, a heating systemfor the structure including radiators and associated control valvescarried by one of said walls above the normal oor line of the structure,a second section comprising supply and return steam pipes supportedwithin said recess, and a steam pipe section communicating with saidpipe section in said recess including supporting risers connecting saidsections and valves.

9. For installation in a railway car having body walls and a oor formedwith a trench disposed along one of said walls and the customary steamtrain line below the oor with pressure regulators tapped into the lineat intervals along the car and risers from said regulators extendingthrough said floor communicating with said trench for connection withsupply and return steam pipes of a heating installation, a heatingsystem for the car having radiators and associated control valvescarried by one of said walls above the normal floor line of the car, asecond section comprising supply and return steam pipes supported insaid trench, a steam pipe section communicating with Said pipe sectionincluding risers connecting said sections and valves.

10. For installation in a railway car having body walls and a oor formedwith a trench disposed along one of said walls, and an imperforate coverplate at the normal oor level of the car removably mounted to giveaccess to said trench, a heating system for the car comprising alongitudinally extending supporting truss plank section includingradiators and associated control valves carried by said plank above thenormal floor line of the car, a second section comprising supply andreturn steam pipes supported within said trench, a steam pipe sectioncommunicating with said pipe section in the trench including risersconnecting said sections and valves, said trench cover plate beingformed with open-end slots to receive said risers.

ll. In a vehicle having body walls and a oor formed with atrench openingupwardly through the floor and disposed along one of said walls havingdepth and width defined, respectively, by a subiloor and body framingelements of the vehicle and presenting floor and side wall surfaces forthe trench, hot and cold water pipes extending along one of said trenchside walls and a water protection steam pipe supported from the other ofsaid trench side walls, and pipe supporting brackets secured torespectively adjacent trench walls at varying heights from the trenchiloor to pitch said pipes.

12. In a vehicle having body walls and a oor formed with a trenchopening upwardly through the oor and disposed along one of said wallshaving depth and width delined, respectively, by a subfloor and bodyframing elements of the vehicle and aording oor and side wall surfacesfor the trench, hot and cold water pipes extending along one of saidtrench side walls and supply and return steam pipes of a heating systemsupported from the other of said trench side walls, pipe supportingbrackets secured to respectively adjacent trench walls at varyingheights from the trench oor to pitch said pipes, and an imperforatecover plate for the trench giving access to said pipes.

13. In a railway car having body walls and an underframe includingconnecting side sill and bolster members and longitudinal stringers, aoor having a subfloor portion extending between and secured to said sidesill members and bolsters and an upper portion at the normal floor levelof the car extending between and secured to said stringers, a trench insaid floor extending along one ot said walls having depth and widthdefined, respectively, by the subiioor and the side sill and nextadjacent stringer element of the underframe providing oor and side wallsurfaces for the trench, and an imperforate cover plate for said trenchat the normal floor level of the car extending from said next adjacentStringer substantially to said side sill.

14. For installation in a railway car having body walls and anunderframe including connecting side sill and bolster members andlongitudinal stringers, a floor having a suboor portion extendingbetween and secured to said side sill members and bolsters and an upperportion at the normal Hoor level of the car extending between andsecured to said stringers, a trench in said oor extending along one ofsaid walls having depth and width defined, respectively, by the subfloorand the side sill and next adjacent Stringer element of the underframeproviding oor and side wall surfaces for the trench, and an imperforatecover plate for said trench at the normal oor level of the car extendingfrom said next adjacent Stringer substantially to said side sill, aheating system for the car including radiators and associated controlvalves carried bysaid one wall above the normal floor line of the car, asecond section comprising supply and return steam pipes supported withinsaid trench and spaced above the floor of the trench to pitch saidpipes, and steam pipes, communicating with said pipe section in thetrench including risers connecting said section and valves.

15. In a railway car having body walls and an underframe includingconnecting side sills and longitudinal stringers, a floor having asubfloor portion extending between and secured to said side sill and anupper portion at the normal floor level of the car extending between andsecured to said stringers, trenches in said floor extending along saidwalls having depth and width dened, respectively, by the subtloor andthe side sill and next adjacent Stringer elements of the underframeproviding floor and side wall surfaces for the trench, and imperforatecover plates for said trenches at the normal floor level of the carextending from said next adjacent stringers substantially to said sidesills, washstand and toilet installations in said car having water pipeextensions communicating with one of said trenches, and water pipes insaid trench having fluid connection with said pipe extenslons.

16. In an enclosed structure having body walls and a oor, a trenchformed in the floor adjacent one of said walls in parallel relation tothe wall, a heating installation comprising a plurality of spacedheating units each including a heating coil and an associated controlvalve member removably secured to said wall above the normal floor lineof the structure and directly above portions of said trench, a supplyand return steam pipe assembly removably supported in said trench, andpipe means operatively connecting said steam heating coils and controlvalve members with said steam pipe assembly, said heating coils andvalve members being disposed in preassembled relationship with saidsteam pipe assembly.

17. In an enclosed structure having body walls and a floor, a trenchformed in the floor adjacent one of said walls in parallel relation tothe wall, a heating installation comprising a plurality of spacedheating units each including a heating coil and an associated controlvalve member secured to said wall above the normal floor line of thestructure and directly above portions of said trench, a supply andreturn steam pipe assembly mounted in said trench, pipe meansoperatively connecting said steam pipe assembly to said heating coilsand associated control valve members, and an imperforate plate at thenormal floor level gf the structure providing a removable cover for saidtrenc 18. In a railway car having body walls and a floor, a trenchformed in the floor adjacent one of said walls, a heating installationcomprising heating coils and associated control valve members secured tosaid wall above the normal floor line of the car, a supply and returnsteam pipe assembly mounted in said trench, pipe means operativelyconnecting said steam pipe assembly to said heating coils and associatedcontrol valve members including riser pipes communicating with theheating coils and control valves, an imperforate plate at the normalfloor level of the car providing a removable cover for said trench, saidimperforate plate having slotted openings at one edge for passage ofsaid riser pipes, and removable sealing plates secured to saidimperforate plate about said riser pipes covering said slotted openings.

19. In a railway car having body walls and an underframe includingconnecting side sill and bolster members and longitudinal stringers, aoor having a subfloor portion extending between and secured to said sidesill members and bolsters and an upper portion at the normal oor levelof the car extending between and secured to said stringers, a trench ateach side of said car extending along the respective body walls andhaving depth and width dened respectively, by the subfloor and the sidesill and next adjacent Stringer at respective sides of the car toprovide oor and side wall surfaces for each trench, and imperforatecover plates for the trenches disposed at the normal floor level of thecar extending from said next adjacent stringers substantially to saidside sills.

20. In a vehicle having body side walls and an underfrarne includinglongitudinal members, a floor having a subfloor portion extendingbetween and secured to said side walls and an upper portion at thenormal oor level of the vehicle extending between and secured to saidlongitudinal members, a trench at each side of the vehicle extendingalong the respective side walls and having depth and width definedrespectively by the suboor and the body side Wall and next adjacentlongitudinal member at respective sides of the vehicle to provide floorand side wall surfaces for each trench, and removable cover plates forthe trenches extending from said next adjacent longitudinal memberssubstantially to said body side walls at the normal floor level of thevehicle.

21. ln a vehicle having body side walls and an underframe includinglongitudinal members, a floor having a suboor portion extending betweenand secured to said side walls and an upper portion at the normal iloorlevel of the vehicle extending between and secured to said longitudinalmembers, a trench at each side of the vehicle extending along therespective side walls and having depth and width defined respectively bythe subfloor and the body side wall and next adjacent longitudinalmember at respective sides of the vehicle to provide iloor and side wallsurfaces for each trench, hot and cold Water pipes extendinglongitudinally in one of the trenches adjacent one of the side wallsthereof and a steam pipe in said trench, brackets supporting said pipesat varying heights above the trench floor to pitch the pipes, andremovable cover plates for the trenches extending from said nextadjacent longitudinal members substantially to said body side walls atthe normal floor level of the vehicle.

22. ln a vehicle having body side walls and an underframe includinglongitudinal members, a floor having a subiloor portion extendingbetween and secured to said side walls and an upper portion at thenormal floor level of the vehicle extending between and secured to saidlongitudinal members, a trench at each side of the vehicle extendingalong the respective side walls and having depth and width denedrespectively by the subiloor and the body side wall and next adjacentlongitudinal member at respective sides of the vehicle to provide oorand side Wall surfaces for each trench, hot and cold water pipesextending longitudinally in one of the trenches adjacent one of the sidewalls thereof and a steam pipe in said trench, and removable coverplates for the trenches extending from said next adjacent longitudinalmembers substantially to said body side walls at the normal floor levelof the vehicle.

23. In a vehicle having body side walls and an underframe includinglongitudinal members, a floor having a sublloor portion extending tosaid side walls and an upper portion at the normal iloor level of thevehicle extending over the major portion of the width of said floor atleast to one of said longitudinal members next adjacent one of said sidewalls, a trench in said floor extending along one of said side wallshaving depth and width defined respectively by said subfloor portion andthe body side wall and next adjacent longitudinal member to providefloor and sidewall surfaces for the trench, and a removable cover platefor the trench extending from said next adjacent longitudinal membersubstantially to said one body s1de wall at the normal floor level ofthe vehicle.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 859,380Gibson July 9, 1907 1,883,896 Garland Oct. 25, 1932 1,913,002 Russell etal. June 6, 1933 2,035,419 Beezhold Mar. 24, 1936 2,044,733 Mussey June16, 1936 2,113,775 Van Vulpen Apr. 12, 1938 2,143,547 Dean Jan. 10, 19392,191,526 Flogans Feb, 27, 1940 2,250,523 Christiansen et al July 29,1941 2,478,620 Arnold Aug. 9, 1949 2,500,642 Morse et al Mar. 14, 1950

